Chapter-4, Sutra 14

Patanjali Yogasutra 4.14

परिणामैकत्वाद्वस्तुतत्त्वम्

"The True Nature of an object is determined by the Unity of its transformations."

In this Sutra, Patanjali delves into the concept of Vastutattva, or the essence of an object. He emphasizes that the essence of any entity is not defined by its temporary appearances or superficial changes but by the unity of its inherent transformations. This unity refers to the intrinsic qualities and characteristics that persist through all stages of change. For instance, a seed transforming into a tree undergoes numerous external changes, but the core potential of growth and the essence of being a tree remain consistent. This idea stresses the continuity of the essence amidst transient forms.

The phrase parinamaikattva highlights the singularity of transformation that maintains the Truth of the object. It implies that all transformations are interconnected and unified in essence. This view aligns with the principle that Reality is dynamic yet fundamentally unchanging at its core. The Sutra also points to the importance of recognizing this underlying unity to perceive the True Nature of Reality, which transcends mere appearances. Such discernment is key in the yogic pursuit of Higher Knowledge and Realization.

In the broader context of the Yoga Sutras, this Sutra ties into the theme of discerning the Eternal Truth (Purusha) from the ever-changing Prakriti (Nature). By understanding that objects have an unchanging essence despite their mutable forms, a yogi can train the mind to detach from transient phenomena and focus on the immutable. This fosters clarity and aids in achieving Kaivalya.

Contextual Comparisons with Other Vedic Texts:

Bhagavad Gita 2.16

नासतो विद्यते भावो नाभावो विद्यते सतः।

उभयोरपि दृष्टोऽन्तस्त्वनयोस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः॥

"The unreal has no existence, and the Real never ceases to be; the Seers of Truth have concluded the nature of both."

This verse resonates with the idea presented in Patanjali's Sutra, as it emphasizes the distinction between transient, unreal appearances and the unchanging, Real Essence. Both texts encourage the seeker to recognize the eternal truth underlying the flux of material existence.

Yoga Vashishta 3.38

यथा रज्ज्वां भुजङ्गोऽसौ ह्यन्योऽन्यो दृश्यते श्रुतः।

तथैव दृश्यते विश्वं सच्चिदानन्द आत्मनि॥

"Just as a snake is seen in a rope, so too is the universe perceived in the Existence-Consciousness-Bliss of the Self."

The Yoga Vashishta emphasizes the illusory nature of transient phenomena and the Ultimate Unity of existence in the Self. This echoes Patanjali's Sutra by underscoring the need to go beyond surface-level changes to understand the True Essence, which remains unaltered.

Through these comparisons, it becomes clear that the theme of perceiving the Unchanging Truth amidst transient phenomena is a cornerstone of Indian philosophy. 

Each text adds a unique dimension to understanding the relationship between transformation and Essence, guiding the seeker toward Realization.